Efficacy of differently applied tyrosine and tryptophan for modulation of phenolic metabolism in Trachyspermum ammi [L.] sprague seedlings

Phenolics are pharmaceutically important molecules. Tyrosine and tryptophan are precursors of phenolic metabolism. It was aimed to investigate the potential of exogenously introduced precursors on the phenolic contents in Trachyspermum ammi [L.] Sprague seedlings. The seeds of two local varieties [Chakwal and Desi] were grown in completely randomized design in a growth chamber at 19 +/- 2[degree]C with two amino acids [tyrosine and tryptophan] applied [priming and supplementation in rooting medium] at two treatment levels [0, and 1%]. Ten days old seedlings were harvested and subjected for growth [root and shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight] and phenolic estimation was done by HPLC method. Presence of seven phenolic acids including quercitin, chromatotropic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, sinnapic acid, trans 4 hydroxy 3 methoxy cinamic acid and P-courmeric acid was confirmed in both varieties with dissimilar fraction. Poor growth was observed by "Desi" under controlled conditions that were efficiently enhanced by tyrosine and tryptophan treatments. As precursors both amino acids differed for allosteric regulation of the pathway. That varied from application to application and variety to variety too for a pattern of phenolic accumulation. In conclusion, tyrosine and tryptophan application can be useful for farmers for improved growth of T. ammi and for pharmaceutical scientists to modulate metabolites of interest

Relationship of oxidative stress with elevated level of DNA damage and homocysteine in cardiovascular disease patients

Amounts of DNA damage and homocysteine [Hcy] in heart patients blood may have strong function in the causation of cardiovascular disease [CVD]. The main objective of this work was to know experimentally the role of total oxidants [produced by Reactive Oxygen species [ROS], clinical biochemical indices, their oxidized products and total antioxidant status [TAS] among such patients to find the association of homocysteine, total oxidation status [TOS] and oxidative DNA damage with other clinical parameters in sixty positive CVD patients compared with those of 60 normal subjects. As compared to healthy individuals, CVD patients had significantly higher concentrations of homocysteine [p<0.0001], total oxidants stress [TOS] [p<0.0001], serum total lipids [p<0.04], malondialdehyde [MDA] [p<0.001], high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C] [p<0.0001], and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] [p<0.01], than those of healthy individuals. Plasma Hcy content, TOS and amount of DNA were positively and significantly associated with cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, urea, and albumin [p values<0.01]. TOS, Hcy and oxidative DNA damage were negatively correlated with HDL-c, TAS and proteins. It is suggested that these parameters have pivotal role in diagnostic process of determining severity in CAD patients. Oxidized products of macromolecules in blood of CVD patients impart major functions in causing CVD disease

Assessing of oxidative stress related parameters in diabetes mellitus type 2: cause excessive damaging to DNA and enhanced homocysteine in diabetic patients

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species [ROS] have been documented subsist to the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. The strength of both parameters could be estimated by measuring oxidative stress marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], its related parameters and the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase [SOD] in plasma of DM patients. Lipid peroxidation was measured as TBARS and presented as malondialdehyde, total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglyceride [Tg], the antioxidants [vitamin A [beta-carotene], vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and superoxide dismutase] levels. The results showed that these parameters, commonly, were declined appreciably in diabetic individuals as compared to the healthy individuals. In most cases, age and gender were appeared to involve in having greater values of diabetes marker. Further, increased level of lipid peroxidation and random behaviour of antioxidant potential also associated with Diabetes. For that reason these biomarkers might be of great important to diagnosis DNA damages of diabetic patients

Serum haematological and biochemical indices of oxidative stress and their relationship with DNA damage and homocysteine in Pakistani type II diabetic patients

Diabetes mellitus [DM] is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, higher glycated hemoglobin [HbA1C] as well as protein. Oxidative stress can cause damage to leukocytic DNAandenhancement of homocysteine [Hcy] level in sera of type 2 diabetic patients. Haematological and biochemical parameters are severely affected by oxidative stress, which results in damages to DNAandHcy in these patients. Eighty DM patients and 80 normal subjects, after having their consent, were selected for the present study. Leukocytes were characterized for DNA damage by comet assay kit while, blood plasma was taken into account for biochemical indices using commercial test kits. Results indicated that DNA damage was strongly linked with erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] [P<0.01], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1C] [P<0.0001], glycated serum protein [P<0.005], cholesterol [P<0.011], triglycerides [P<0.001], albumin [P<0.001], creatinine [P<0.006], urea [P<0.007] and ALT [P<0.02], and negatively associated with packed cell volume [PCV] [P<0.002] and hemoglobin [P<0.001]. Homocysteine was strongly linked with ESR, HbA1C, glycated protein [P<0.002], cholesterol [P<0.016], triglycerides [P<0.0001], albumin, creatinine, urea, ALT and AST in diabetic patients. Hyc and DNA damages both were negatively linked with total hemoglobin and PCV. Both of these even in their normal range may have a role in the endothelium damage. Nutritional intervention to lower down Hyc and DNA damages in the Pakistani population may mitigate their effect and guarantee in maintenance of a healthy nation